高三易记单词-构词法_高三英语_英语_高中教育_教育专区

? 单词构成 ? 前缀 ? 词根 ? 后缀 构词法名师P184 workmate, like-minded，break 派生法（Derivation） 构词法： 合成(Compounding) 转化法（Conversion） 派生法:由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词 的方法。 happy---happily ---happiness unhappy---unhappily ---unhappiness 一、前缀，1.否定 happy --- unhappy appear --- disappear possible --- impossible smoker --- non-smoker take --- mistake Match A and B. B A 常用于 unlike 不像 ;dislike 不喜欢 like un 形容词 disappear消失 appear dis 动词polite impolite没有礼貌的 开头的形容词 im b/p/m mislead误导 lead 名词necessary /动词 unnecessary不必要的 nonmis 动词advantage disadvantage缺点 non-stop不停地 stop disbelieve不相信 believe understand misunderstand误解 Check ourselves ? The boy said nothing but quietly walked disappearing (appear) in the dark. away, ____________ 2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 1) a- 表示“在……之上”，“向……” aboard, aside, inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间，相互” international, interaction, internet mid-, 表示“中，中间” midday, midnight, mid-autumn 2) 3） 2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 5) out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向外” outline, outside, outward, outgoing 6) over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，超过” overhead, overboard 7) extra-, 表示“额外” extraordinary 8) fore- 表示“在前面” forehead, foreground 9) in-, 表示“向内，在内，背于” inland,, inside, 10) 11) under-, 表示“在…..下面，下的” underline, underground, underwater up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上” upward, uphold, uphill(上坡) 3.表示其他意义的前缀: 1．re--“又\,再” repeat, review, return, reunite, remarry 2. co—“联合，伴同” cooperate, coexist, co-worker 3. super—“在…上；加之” superman, supermarket 名词的常见后缀 -tion -ness -ment -er -or -ist -ant destination sadness 常在形容词后 settlement writer actor artist servant 2.后缀: (改变词性） 关于人的词缀： -er,（人， 动作执行者）singer, fighter, teacher Chinese, Japanese -ese（人， 语言） musician, Russian, -ian（人） artist, pianist, scientist, -ist （人，大家） conductor, visitor, professor -or （人，动作者） tion （行为，状态） invention， liberation，operati business， illness， darkness -ness (性质） 形容词： 形容词： physical, national, political, -al -less -y -ful （充满…的） useful, careful, helpful 无 fearless, useless, careless cloudy, apologize badly， sunny, dirty organize angrily， truly 动词：-ize 副词：-ly 副词要去e的：true, gentle, simple -ing -ness -ful -ly -tive -ment -ed -ful -ist -en- -or -sive -ian -er -able -tion -ize n. v. adj. adv. 合成： 把两个或更多的词合成一个词。 合成的词构成大致有以下几种情况。 1.合成名词： birthday roommate football blackboard white-wash dark-blue 2.合成动词： 3.合成形容词 snow-white understand safe-guard hand-made 转化活用法——适用于双性词 taste book n. 味道 v.尝起来 n.书籍 v.记载 n.记录 It has a good taste. It tastes very good. This book is very good. He is booking the history. He broke the record. record clean He recorded something while v. 记录 reading a book. adj. 干净 Please keep tidy and clean. v.清扫 You have to clean the blackboard afte class. Practice (II): 按括号内的要求改写下列单词 disagree rainy rain(形容词) ________ agree(反义)__________ national farm(人)__________ farmer nation(形容词)_______ recently friend(形容词)________ friendly recent(副词)________ hopeful backwards hope(形容词)_______ back(形容词)_________ visitor homeless visit(名词)__________ home(形容词) ________ eighth truth eight(序数词)________ true(名词)___________ American China(形容词)________ Chinese America(形容词)_______ With the (1)____________ development (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more (2)________ and more serious. In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of (3) illnesses _________（ill）because of air pollution. Air pollution is caused (4)_____ by the following reasons: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars, buses on the poisonous roads, and they give out (5)________ (poison）gases. 25%of air pollution is caused by factories. Another (6)________ ________(smoke). Smoking factor (fact) is thesmokers harm （harmful）to their not only does (7) ______ but also to others. Besides these, about health(8)_______ 10% of air (9) pollution ________ (polute)is caused by other reasons. Homework: 名师P188 Good-bye!!